My instructional learning coach Chris DeWald from BetterLesson recently challenged me. "Why don't you devote 20% of your class time to (productive struggle) problem solving questions?" I have accepted the challenge and I've been on this journey since late last year. I'm taking 20% of my class time and devoting it towards problem solving, and not necessarily content-based problem solving either. As far as actual time in the classroom that means 1 day a week or two half days a week we will be in a productive struggle solving problems. It has been fun and really rewarding--and frustrating. It is all about finding the right problems and creating the right atmosphere for learning.
You know what an easy problem is.... the ones that you don't have to think too much to solve. If you don't have to think too much to solve something, you probably won't remember too much about your work, nor will you be satisfied with yourself. I tend to give out too many easy problems. My lesson will include some kind of formula and the problems use the formula--too easy and too forgettable. Fawn Nguyen says, “Are they really ‘problems’ if we know how to solve them?” I firmly believe this.
What does 20% Struggle Time look like when Problem Solving?
1. I have a walk that I take often that leads me under a canopy of oak trees. Students need to feel like they are in a canopy of oak trees—a safety net. They need to know that the students around them and especially myself as the teacher are WITH them. A positive classroom atmosphere creates safety nets in case they don't get it. Examples of safety nets would be: formative testing without grade impact, retakes on summatives, daily work that explores but does not affect final grades, classmates who are willing to help others, and a teacher who offers multiple avenues for help.
2. Finding the right problems is important--Inviting and Approachable Problems with Escalating Difficulty (Low Floor High Ceiling). Everyone has a different threshold of pain. Some complain wildly because of a small cut, and others would not be fazed by a large gash. That is just how we are made. Accordingly, I believe we all have a different threshold of struggle. For instance, some people might look into a problem with their laptop with bitter frustration and give up quickly, while another might struggle for a long period of time. It is the same thing with a problem in math class, some students look at the problem and then give up quickly. Other students look at the problem and start formulating some ideas. The trick is to find questions that anyone can start and yet most will be challenged at some point in the problem. Here are some of my 'goto' problems.
There are actual examples at the bottom of the post
3. I’m still working out how to approach grading Productive Struggle. Is my 20% struggle time a completion grade? Do I grade on correctness? Should there be a rubric? Maybe I should just build in accountability with group presentations of thinking? Any thoughts or suggestions on this would be welcome!!
Plumbing and my Father-in-Law
Confidence solving problems is a real world skill. When we had just bought our first house, my father-in-law and I were looking into the electrical box to see how to stop one of the circuit breakers from going off regularly. It was a nest of confusing wires. I asked him how he felt so confident that he could figure this out. I was ready to give up. He said, "Whatever mess I get myself into, I’ll just keep trying to figure the problem out by taking a generous amount of time and many setbacks trying to prevail. A last resort solution would be that I could hire someone to fix it." I have used this advice often and have learned that with determination and confidence, I can often see it through. Like every year when I do my taxes. I can usually figure out most questions (with Turbo Tax). This is the attitude that I want my students to come out of my class with. I want them to be confident that they can attempt and find a method of solution with almost anything they encounter and that it will be a productive struggle. My father-in-law without knowing it, was using the Mathematical Practice Number 1. I'm hoping that 20% Struggle Time will help my students with this mindset.
Teach Before or After They Need It?
My wife will never let me teach her about any technology until she needs it. Why? Because she says she will forget it all and then just have to ask me again when she actually does need it. We need to give the problem first and then our students will need to use the skills and formulas to get the answer. That is true problem solving. Sometimes our classrooms are backwards in that we do all this upfront teaching so that they will remember it when they need it. Which by the way, rarely happens. Needing it might mean that it might be on a quiz that happens a couple days after they learned it so that you can just memorize the steps to get through. Introducing 20% struggle problems will help exercise the GROWTH MINDSET needed to solve new challenging problems that they have never seen before.
Confidence solving problems is a real world skill. When we had just bought our first house, my father-in-law and I were looking into the electrical box to see how to stop one of the circuit breakers from going off regularly. It was a nest of confusing wires. I asked him how he felt so confident that he could figure this out. I was ready to give up. He said, "Whatever mess I get myself into, I’ll just keep trying to figure the problem out by taking a generous amount of time and many setbacks trying to prevail. A last resort solution would be that I could hire someone to fix it." I have used this advice often and have learned that with determination and confidence, I can often see it through. Like every year when I do my taxes. I can usually figure out most questions (with Turbo Tax). This is the attitude that I want my students to come out of my class with. I want them to be confident that they can attempt and find a method of solution with almost anything they encounter and that it will be a productive struggle. My father-in-law without knowing it, was using the Mathematical Practice Number 1. I'm hoping that 20% Struggle Time will help my students with this mindset.
Teach Before or After They Need It?
My wife will never let me teach her about any technology until she needs it. Why? Because she says she will forget it all and then just have to ask me again when she actually does need it. We need to give the problem first and then our students will need to use the skills and formulas to get the answer. That is true problem solving. Sometimes our classrooms are backwards in that we do all this upfront teaching so that they will remember it when they need it. Which by the way, rarely happens. Needing it might mean that it might be on a quiz that happens a couple days after they learned it so that you can just memorize the steps to get through. Introducing 20% struggle problems will help exercise the GROWTH MINDSET needed to solve new challenging problems that they have never seen before.
What about the Content?
Some would argue that they don't have enough time to teach the content now, how are they going to introduce more problems? I get that. However, I believe math is an attitude not a skill. We really are teaching our students to have GRIT, to never give up, to exhaust all resources, to struggle, and to fail. We can teach skills until our students are robots or we can teach them to be real world problem solvers.
Some would argue that they don't have enough time to teach the content now, how are they going to introduce more problems? I get that. However, I believe math is an attitude not a skill. We really are teaching our students to have GRIT, to never give up, to exhaust all resources, to struggle, and to fail. We can teach skills until our students are robots or we can teach them to be real world problem solvers.
The Struggle is Real, so that is why I'm going on the 20% struggle time journey. I'll keep you posted. I welcome any thoughts or advice.
My Best,
Dave
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| A Visual Pattern Task Here is a collection of a few that I've made |
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| The Toothpick Task |
Other than questions, you can shuffle the answers as well. Randomize both questions and answers. Choosing the only answer shuffle option will shuffle answers but the questions will come in the same order to all students. A time limit is another option to minimize cheating. This restricts the quantity of time a student enjoys for each question. The time could vary as per the complexity of the question. It is to be kept in mind that giving excess time will enable students to consult each other. They may also share answers. You can allow multiple attempts on the same question or once only. www.language-school.sg
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